中华人民共和国海商法Maritime Code of the People’s Republic of China(9)

(8) Act of the shipper, owner of the goods or their agents;

（九）货物的自然特性或者固有缺陷；

(9) Nature or inherent vice of the goods;

（十）货物包装不良或者标志欠缺、不清；

(10) Inadequacy of packing or insufficiency or illegibility of marks;

（十一）经谨慎处理仍未发现的船舶潜在缺陷；

(11) Latent defect of the ship not discoverable by due diligence;

（十二）非由于承运人或者承运人的受雇人、代理人的过失造成的其他原因。

(12) Any other causes arising without the fault of the carrier or his servant or agent.

承运人依照前款规定免除赔偿责任的，除第（二）项规定的原因外，应当负举证责任。

The carrier who is entitled to exoneration from the liability for compensation as provided for in the preceding paragraph shall, with the exception of the causes given in sub-paragraph (2), bear the burden of proof.

第五十二条 因运输活动物的固有的特殊风险造成活动物灭失或者损害的，承运人不负赔偿责任。

Article 52 The carrier shall not be liable for the loss of or damage to the live animals arising or resulting from the special risks inherent in the carriage thereof.

但是，承运人应当证明业已履行托运人关于运输活动物特别要求，并证明根据实际情况，灭失或者损害是由于此种固有的特殊风险造成的。

However, the carrier shall be bound to prove that he has fulfilled the special requirements of the shipper with regard to the carriage of the live animals and that under the circumstances of the sea carriage, the loss or damage has occurred due to the special risks inherent therein.

第五十三条 承运人在舱面上装载货物，应当同托运人达成协议，或者符合航运惯例，或者符合有关法律、行政法规的规定。

Article 53 In case the carrier intends to ship the goods on deck, he shall come into an agreement with the shipper or comply with the custom of the trade or the relevant laws or administrative rules and regulations.

承运人依照前款规定将货物装载在舱面上，对由于此种装载的特殊风险造成的货物灭失或者损坏，不负赔偿责任。

When the goods have been shipped on deck in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the carrier shall not be liable for the loss of or damage to the goods caused by the special risks involved in such carriage.

承运人违反本条第一款规定将货物装载在舱面上，致使货物遭受灭失或者损坏的，应当负赔偿责任。

If the carrier, in breach of the provisions of the first paragraph of this Article, has shipped the goods on deck and the goods have consequently suffered loss or damage, the carrier shall be liable therefor.

第五十四条 货物的灭失、损坏或者迟延交付是由于承运人或者承运人的受雇人、代理人的不能免除赔偿责任的原因和其他原因共同造成的，承运人仅在不能免除赔偿责任的范围内负赔偿责任；

Article 54 Where loss or damage or delay in delivery has occurred from causes from which the carrier or his servant or agent is not entitled to exoneration from liability, together with another cause, the carrier shall be liable only to the extent that the loss, damage or delay in delivery is attributable to the causes from which the carrier is not entitled to exoneration from liability;

但是，承运人对其他原因造成的灭失、损坏或者迟延交付应当负举证责任。

however, the carrier shall bear the burden of proof with respect to the loss, damage or delay in delivery resulting from the other cause.

第五十五条 货物灭失的赔偿额，按照货物的实际价值计算；货物损坏的赔偿额，按照货物受损前后实际价值的差额或者货物的修复费用计算。

Article 55 The amount of indemnity for the loss of the goods shall be calculated on the basis of the actual value of the goods so lost, while that for the damage to the goods shall be calculated on the basis of the difference between the values of the goods before and after the damage, or on the basis of the expenses for the repair.

货物的实际价值，按照货物装船时的价值加保险费加运费计算。